ABSTRACT
Background: levels of estradiol decreases as women arrive the menopausal transition and enter to a low, steady level during the early postmenopause. In addition, memory dysfunction are highly prevalent during this period
Objective: our study was designed to determine whether endogenous levels of estradiol are related to cognitive function in postmenopausal
Materials and Methods: the cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2015 to February 2016 on 209 healthy postmenopausal women. The women filled out the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] scale. Then, estradiol level was tested for association with cognitive function adjusted for factors supposed to confound this association
Results: the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction; MoCA points >/= 26 in our participants was 62.7%, and mean +/- SD of estradiol level was 14.92 +/- 10.24pg/ml in participants with cognitive dysfunction in comparison with 21.67 +/- 14.92pg/ml in those with normal cognitive function [p<0.001]. There were significant association between MoCA points with estradiol level [p<0.001] and educational status [p<0.001]
Conclusion: estradiol replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with low endogenous estradiol levels and decreased cognitive function might be necessary
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the menstrual pattern, sexual function, and anxiety, and depression in women with poststerilization regret, and potential influencing factors for regret following tubal ligation [TL] in Iranian women
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 166 women with TL were subdivided into two groups including women with poststerilization regret [n=41] and women without poststerilization regret [n=125]. They were selected from a health care center in Guilan province [Iran] during 2015-2016. Menstrual blood loss was measured using the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart [PBLAC] and through a self-administered questionnaire. In addition, sexual function was assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI], and psychological distress was measured by employing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]. Student's t test and Chi-square test were used to reveal the statistical differences between the two groups. We used logistic regression to determine the influencing factors associated with regretting sterilization
Results: Women with poststerilization regret had more menorrhagia [78 vs. 57.6%, P=0.03] than those who did not regret sterilization. A significant difference was found in sexual dysfunction in orgasm [P=0.02], satisfaction [P=0.004], pain [P=0.02], and total FSFI scores [P=0.007] between the two groups. Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in anxiety, depression and total scores HADS [P=0.01]. In the logistic regression model, age of sterilization [odds ratio [OR=2.67], confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-7.81, P=0.04]], pre-sterilization counseling [OR=19.92, CI: 6.61-59.99, P<0.001], score of PBLAC [OR=1.01, CI: 1.004-1.01, P=0.001], the number of days of bleeding [OR=1.37, CI: 1.01-1.99, P=0.04], and the length of menstrual cycles [OR=0.91, CI: 0.84-0.99, P=0.03] were significantly associated with regretting sterilization
Conclusion: Complications due to sterilization are the main causes of regret; therefore, it is necessary to pay due attention to mentioning the probable complications of the procedures such as menstruation disorders, sexual dysfunction, and anxiety and depression in women during pre-sterilization counseling
ABSTRACT
Background: Spontaneous abortion is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome. We aimed to investigate a possible link between nutrient deficiencies and the risk of spontaneous abortion
Materials and Methods: This case-control study included the case group [n=331] experiencing a spontaneous abortion before 14 weeks of pregnancy and the control group [n=331] who were healthy pregnant women over 14 weeks of pregnancy. The participants filled out Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ], in which they reported their frequency of consumption for a given serving of each food item during the past three months, on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. The reported frequency for each food item was converted to a daily intake. Then, consumption of nutrients was compared between the two groups
Results: There are significant differences between the two groups regarding consumed servings/day of vegetables, bread and cereal, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, fats, oils and dairy products [P=0.012, P<0.001, P=0.004, P<0.001, P=0.019, respectively]. There are significant differences between the two groups in all micronutrient including folic acid, iron, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and zinc [P<0.001]
Conclusion: Poor nutrientions may be correlated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Nutritional Status , Pregnant Women , Abortion, Spontaneous , Case-Control Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , IranABSTRACT
Background: Tubal ligation [TL] is recommended for women who have completed their family planning. The existence of the menstrual disorders following this procedure has been the subject of debate for decades. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between tubal ligation and menstrual disorders
Materials and Methods: A historical cohort study was carried out on 140 women undergoing tubal ligation [TL group] and on 140 women using condom as the main contraceptive method [Non-TL group]. They aged between 20 and 40 years and were selected from a health care center in Rudsar, Guilan Province, Iran, during 2013-2014. The two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics, obstetrical features and menstrual bleeding pattern using a routine questionnaire. A validated pictorial blood loss assessment chart [PBLAC] was also used to measure the menstrual blood loss
Results: Women with TL had more menstrual irregularity than those without TL [24.3 vs. 10%, P=0.002]. Women with TL had more polymenorrhea [9.3 vs. 1.4%, P=0.006], hypermenorrhea [12.1 vs. 2.1%, P=0.002], menorrhagia [62.9 vs. 22.1%, P<0.0001] and menometrorrhagia [15.7 vs. 3.6%, P=0.001] than those without TL. There is a significant difference in the PBLAC score between women with and without TL [P<0.0001]. According to logistic regression, age odds ratio [[OR=1.08, confidence interval [CI]:1.07-1.17, P=0.03]], TL [OR=5.95, CI: 3.45-10.26, P<0.0001] and cesarean section [OR=2.72, CI:1.49-4.97, P=0.001] were significantly associated with menorrhagia
Conclusion: We found significant differences in menstrual disorders between women with and without TL. Therefore, women should be informed by the health providers regarding the advantages and disadvantages of TL before the procedures
ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of the stem cells population in human endometrial tissue sections and cultured cells at fourth passage
Methods: Human endometrial specimens were divided into two parts, one part for morphological studies and the other part for in vitro culture. Full thickness of human normal endometrial sections and cultured endometrial cells at fourth passage were analyzed via immunohistochemistry for CD146 and some stemness markers such as Oct4, Nanog, SoX[2], and Klf4 and the expression of typical mesenchymal stem cell markers CD90, CD105
Results: 11.88 +/- 1.29% of human endometrial cells within tissue sections expressed CD146 marker vs. 28 +/- 2.3% of cultured cells, CD90 and CD105 were expressed by functionalis stroma [85 +/- 2.4 and 89 +/- 3.2%] than basalis stroma [16 +/- 1.4 and 17 +/- 1.9%], respectively [P<0.05]. Oct4 and Nanog-expressing cells comprise 1.43 +/- 0.08 and 0.54 +/- 0.01% of endometrial stromal cells in endometrial sections vs. 12 +/- 3.1% and 8 +/- 2.9% of cultured cells, respectively. They reside near the glands in the basal layer of endometrium. SoX[2] and Klf4 were not commonly expressed in tissue samples and cultured cells. CD9 and EpCAM were expressed by epithelial cells of the endometrium, rather than by stroma or perivascular cells
Conclusion: The human endometrial stem cells and pluripotency markers may be localized more in basalis layer of endometrium. The immunostaining observations of endometrial cells at fourth passage were correlated with the immunohistochemistry data
ABSTRACT
Background: Stem cell factor [SCF] is a transcriptional factor which plays crucial roles in normal proliferation, differentiation and survival in a range of stem cells
Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the proliferation effect of different concentrations of SCF on expansion of human endometrial CD146+ cells
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, total populations of isolated human endometrial suspensions after fourth passage were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting [MACS] into CD146+ cells. Human endometrial CD146+ cells were karyotyped and tested for the effect of SCF on proliferation of CD146+ cells, then different concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/ml was carried out and mitogens-stimulated endometrial CD146+ cells proliferation was assessed by MTT assay
Results: Chromosomal analysis showed a normal metaphase spread and 46XX karyotype. The proliferation rate of endometrial CD146P + P cells in the presence of 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/ml SCF were 0.945 +/- 0.094, 0.962 +/- 0.151, 0.988 +/- 0.028, 1.679 +/- 0.012 and 1.129 +/- 0.145 respectively. There was a significant increase in stem/ stromal cell proliferation following in vitro treatment by 50 ng/ml than other concentrations of SCF [p=0.01]
Conclusion: The present study suggests that SCF could have effect on the proliferation and cell survival of human endometrial CD146P+P cells and it has important implications for medical sciences and cell therapies
ABSTRACT
Recently there is a focus on the antioxidants as adjuvant treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS], the most endocrinopathy in reproductive age women. The aim of this review is answer to the question whether antioxidants are effective for managing of hormonal and metabolic problems in women with PCOS based on first degree evidences from Iran. A systematic review of clinical trials was done in Persian and international databases including PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, and Magiran up to 2013. Keywords were including polycystic ovary syndrome, Iran, vitamin, antioxidant. From 440 potential studies found electronically, 11 studies; including 444 women in intervention and 390 women in control groups. Intervention in three studies was Calcium-vitamin D or calcitriol; in three studies was omega-3 fatty acids; in two studies was N-acetyl cysteine; in one study was folic acid; in one study was Zinc; and in one study was Soy. Finally, 11 studies that were relevant and met the inclusion criteria reviewed. There were 7 studies in English and 4 studies in Persian. We couldn't include all studies because all full texts were not accessible. The results showed that antioxidants and vitamins have positive effects on management of PCOS women. Although it seems more studies is necessary in this field
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess sexual functioning among women with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] in Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain factors related to sexual functioning in 300 PCOS patients attending to the private practice centers in Kashan, Isfahan Province, Iran, from May to October 2012. The Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] was used to measure sexual functioning. Moreover, the socio-demographic details and clinical information of PCOS including obesity, hirsutism, acne, menstrual cycle disturbances, infertility and endocrine profile were recorded for each patient. Overall the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction [FSD] was 16.6%. In particular patients indicated poorer sexual functioning for the desire [48.3%] and the arousal [44.7%] subscales. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested patients with lower educational level [OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.46-5.92] and irregular menstrual status [OR: 4.61; 95% CI: 1.93-11] were more likely to report sexual dysfunction. The findings suggest that desire and arousal were the most prevalent sexual disorders reported in this patient population. In addition, findings suggested that women with limited or no formal education and a history of menstrual irregularities were the most likely to report female sexual dysfunction. Further investigations are needed to examine female sexual functioning among women with PCOS, to educate their health care providers, and to develop therapeutic interventions
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Cross-Sectional Studies , Women , SpousesABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the relationship between lipid and apolipoprotein B-100 [apo B-100] levels in maternal and umbilical cord sera as well as the effects of these components on anthropometric measurements of newborn infants. This correlational study was performed on 85 appropriate for gestational age [AGA] newborns and their mothers. For analysis, 5 ml of maternal blood and 5 ml of umbilical venous cord blood were obtained during labor and immediately after delivery, respectively. Sera were separated by centrifugation and analyzed on the same day for estimation of lipid profile including total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and apolipoprotein B-100. Also, anthropometric indices of newborn infants were measured and recorded. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. There was a positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum TC levels [r=0.23, P=0.042]. Maternal LDL-C level was positively correlated with neonatal HDL-C [r=0.24, P=0.035], TC [r=0.29, P=0.01], and apolipoprotein B-100 levels [r=0.25, P=0.031]. A significant positive correlation was observed between maternal apolipoprotein B-100 level and neonatal TC [r=0.26, P=0.019], HDL-C [r=0.23, P=0.043], and apolipoprotein B-100 levels [r=0.24, P=0.038]. Maternal TG level was positively correlated with neonatal crown-heel length [r=0.27, P=0.018] and birth weight [r=0.23, P=0.039]. However, maternal HDL-C level was negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight [r=-0.29, P=0.01] and chest circumference [r=-0.27, P=0.019]. A significant negative correlation was found between cord blood TG level and newborn's head circumference [r=- 0.23 P=0.046]. Maternal lipid profile can affect neonatal lipid level and anthropometric measurements.
ABSTRACT
Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields is increasingly common, but the potential influence on pregnant women has not been thoroughly investigated. In this case-control study, 58 women who had an unexplained spontaneous abortion at < 14 weeks gestation and 58 matched pregnant women >14 weeks gestation were enrolled in 2012. The women completed the questionnaire, which was used to collect data about socioeconomic and obstetric characteristics, medical and reproductive histories. Then, to evaluate the extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, we determined the magnitude of electromagnetic fields in the participants' houses by an exposure level tester [3D EMF tester/ Model: ELF-828; Taiwan].The instrument covers a limited frequency range [30 HZ to 3 KHZ]. The magnitude of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in the participants' houses was significantly different between the two groups [P<0.001]. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure is probably related to early spontaneous abortions
ABSTRACT
To compare the hormonal status in postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome. In this cross sectional study 110 postmenopausal women were enrolled. Participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a medical exam and serum evaluation for serum lipids including cholesterol [Chol], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL], low density lipoprotein [LDL], triglyceride [TG], fasting blood sugar [FBS], sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], estradiol and testosterone. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III. In this study P value less than 0.05 was accepted as significant. There were significant differences between the two groups of participants with and without metabolic syndrome in age, years after menopause, BMI, weight, SHBG and testosterone [p < 0.01]. SHBG and testosterone are the most significant correlated factors to metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women
ABSTRACT
Living in polluted areas could be considered a risk factor for preterm labor and low birth weight. Few studies examined the association between air pollution and abortion. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ambient air pollutant and rate of spontaneous abortion. This study was a case-control research conducted on 148 cases of spontaneous abortion [case group] and 148 pregnant women [control group]. Samples were collected randomly from 10 hospitals in Tehran in 2011. The correlation between spontaneous abortion and air pollution was investigated by the SPSS software using independent sample t-test, multiple and linear regression models and also Arc View geospatial information system [GIS] software using circular buffer. The mean of environmental sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide concentration in case group [35.91 +/- 20/46, 49.62 +/- 19.87] was significantly higher than that of the control group [29.1 +/- 11.11, 45.67 +/- 13.2] [p=0.000, p=o.o45]. Also it was determined that the rate of abortion was higher in those living within 100 meters of the highways. According to the findings of this study it seems that air pollution and living near crowded areas threaten the health of pregnant women and fetus. Thus, it is suggested to present necessary training about the hazardous effects of air pollution on pregnancy of women residing in crowded areas of city and also to adopt ways to reduce these pollutions.
ABSTRACT
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] complicates 3-7% of all pregnancies and feto-maternal outcomes are strongly related to early diagnosis of GDM. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of risk factors in the prediction of an abnormal glucose challenge test [GCT]
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted during 2009-2010 in two prenatal clinics in Rey, Iran. A total of 711 pregnant women who were in their first trimester of pregnancy and met the inclusion criteria were selected. The women were observed once every other week until 24-28 weeks of gestation. All patients at 24-28 weeks of gestation were screened with 50 g oral glucose GCT. The effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI], maternal age, and weight gain until the time of GCT, and parity on abnormal GCT were evaluated. All confident intervals were calculated at the 95% level. Data was analyzed using student's t test and the logistic regression test
Results: Maternal age [p<0.001], pre-pregnancy BMI [p<0.00], parity [p=0.05] and weight gain during pregnancy [p=0.05], were significantly higher in women with abnormal GCT compared to women who had normal GCT. Logistic regression analyses confirmed that pre-pregnancy BMI [OR=1.09], maternal age [OR=1.14], and weight gain during pregnancy [OR=1.13] were associated with abnormal GCT
Conclusion: Weight gain had a profound impact on the prevalence of abnormal GCT in our population. Therefore, we propose that pregnant women should only gain the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Maternal Age , Pregnancy , Body Mass Index , Weight Gain , Parity , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is associated with insulin-induced elevations of plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI-1], the most potent inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Hypofibrinolysis due to increased PAI-1 levels in PCOS patients bears a high risk for miscarriage and some other pregnancy complications which are probably due to increased thrombophilic states. In this study we compared thrombophilic factors in women with PCOS with those of healthy women. This analytical study was performed on 123 infertile women with PCOS as the case group, and 73 women non-PCOS women with male factor infertility as the control group. All the individuals attended Rouin Tan Arsh Hospital for receiving fertility treatment in Tehran, Iran during 2008. Blood samples were taken from both groups on the third day of menstrual cycle for the evaluation of protein S, activated protein C resistance [APC-R], hemocysteine, FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, FBS and 2-hr GTT. The mean protein S and APC-R values were lower in the case group compared to the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant [p=0.752 and p=0.603, respectively]. The mean hemocysteine value was higher in the control than the case groups [13.25 mmol/l vs. 12.49 mmol/l, respectively] but this difference was not significant either [p=0.157]. PCOS and older age tended to elevate hemocysteine [p<0.05]. Comparison of thrombophilic factors in women with PCOS and women without the disease showed no significant statistical differences. PCOS and older age seemed to raise the risk for abnormal changes in hemocysteine levels
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood , Risk Assessment , ThrombophiliaABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate copper status in women with preeclampsia. Sixty preeclamptic, sixty normotensive pregnant and sixty healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled in a cross sectional study. The 24-hour urine copper was compared among the women. There was significant difference in the copper concentration of 24-hour urine among the three groups due to the difference between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women [12.19 +/- 3.71 vs. 5.69 +/- 2.05, p<0.001]. The results of this study revealed that the level of urine copper increases preeclamptic pregnancy. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether observed alternation in copper precede preeclampsia or the difference may be attributed to preeclampsia-related alternations in maternal trace metal metabolism